![]() ![]() Prior to the arrival of the cell phone, abundant research had been conducted on behavioral addictions to videogames ( 4), exercise ( 5), online sex ( 6), food ( 7), shopping ( 8, 9), work ( 10), and the Internet ( 11– 15). To date, the DSM-5 has only recognized compulsive gambling as a behavioral addiction, considering the rest of these types of abuse as impulse disorders, and the clinical world has not done much more than proclaim that many of them are true addictions that affect patients’ lives. The existence of cell-phone addiction, as opposed to it being the manifestation of an impulsivity disorder, has been questioned without necessarily considering the concept of addiction ( 2, 3). This problem is identical to the one regarding the existence of behavioral addictions as opposed to substance addictions ( 1). Since the appearance of the cell phone, the anomalous use of this device has called into question whether the abuse of its use could lead to addiction. ![]() In addition, the present review reveals the coexistence relationship between problematic cell-phone use and substance use such as tobacco and alcohol. Similarly, sleep disturbance, anxiety, stress, and, to a lesser extent, depression, which are also associated with Internet abuse, have been associated with problematic cell-phone use. The problematic use of cell phones has been associated with personality variables, such as extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem, impulsivity, self-identity, and self-image. Intercultural and geographical differences have not been sufficiently studied. Without evidence pointing to the influence of cultural level and socioeconomic status, the pattern of abuse is greatest among young people, primarily females. Cell-phone addiction shows a distinct user profile that differentiates it from Internet addiction. There is a consensus about the existence of cell-phone addiction, but the delimitation and criteria used by various researchers vary. The diversity of criteria and methodological approaches that have been used is notable, as is a certain lack of conceptual delimitation that has resulted in a broad spread of prevalent data. ![]() Research in this field has generally evolved from a global view of the cell phone as a device to its analysis via applications and contents. We analyze the concept of cell-phone addiction as well as its prevalence, study methodologies, psychological features, and associated psychiatric comorbidities. We present a review of the studies that have been published about addiction to cell phones. 3Istituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.2Clinical Management of Mental Health Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Regional University Hospital of Málaga (Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga – IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.1Department of Psychobiology, Psychology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Madrid, Spain. ![]()
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